快(kuai)充(chong)(chong)(chong)和慢充(chong)(chong)(chong)是相對的概念。一(yi)般(ban)快(kuai)充(chong)(chong)(chong)都是大功(gong)率DC充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)，半小時可以充(chong)(chong)(chong)到電(dian)(dian)池容量的80%。慢充(chong)(chong)(chong)是指交流充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)，充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)過程需要6-8小時。電(dian)(dian)動汽車充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)速度與(yu)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)器功(gong)率、電(dian)(dian)池充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)特性和溫度密切相關。

　　以目前的電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)技術水平(ping)，即使(shi)快速充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)，也需要30分鐘(zhong)才能(neng)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)到電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)容量(liang)的80%。80%之(zhi)后，為了保護電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)安全，必須降(jiang)低充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流，充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)到100%需要很(hen)長(chang)時間。此外，冬季氣溫較低時，電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)所需的充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流變小，充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)時間變長(chang)。

　　一(yi)輛車(che)可(ke)以有兩個充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)接口，因為有兩種充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)模(mo)式:恒壓(ya)(ya)(ya)和(he)恒流(liu)。一(yi)般(ban)采用(yong)恒流(liu)恒壓(ya)(ya)(ya)，充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)效率相對較高(gao)。快速充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)是由不(bu)同的充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)和(he)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)引起的，電(dian)(dian)流(liu)越大，充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)越快。當(dang)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)即將充(chong)(chong)(chong)滿(man)電(dian)(dian)時，切換到恒壓(ya)(ya)(ya)，可(ke)以防止電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)過度(du)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)，保護電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)。

　　無論是(shi)插(cha)電(dian)式混動車(che)還是(shi)純電(dian)動車(che)，車(che)內(nei)都會配備(bei)車(che)載充(chong)電(dian)器，可以在(zai)有220V電(dian)源插(cha)座的地方(fang)(fang)直(zhi)接給車(che)充(chong)電(dian)。這(zhe)種(zhong)方(fang)(fang)法一般用(yong)于應急充(chong)電(dian)，充(chong)電(dian)速度(du)也是(shi)最慢的。我們常說(shuo)的“飛線充(chong)電(dian)”(即從高層住宅(zhai)的220V電(dian)源插(cha)座上拉一根線，用(yong)隨車(che)充(chong)電(dian))，但這(zhe)種(zhong)充(chong)電(dian)方(fang)(fang)式存在(zai)很(hen)大的安全隱(yin)患(huan)，新出(chu)行不建(jian)議用(yong)這(zhe)種(zhong)方(fang)(fang)式給車(che)輛(liang)充(chong)電(dian)。

　　目(mu)前家用(yong)220V電(dian)源插(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)座對應的車(che)載插(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)頭(tou)有10A和16A兩種規格(ge)，不同(tong)(tong)型號配(pei)備不同(tong)(tong)的插(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)頭(tou)，有的帶10A插(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)頭(tou)，有的帶16A插(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)頭(tou)。10A插(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)頭(tou)與我們日(ri)常(chang)家用(yong)電(dian)器(qi)規格(ge)相同(tong)(tong)，插(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)腳更(geng)小(xiao)(xiao)。16A的插(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)頭(tou)插(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)腳比較大，和家里的空插(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)座大小(xiao)(xiao)一(yi)樣，使(shi)用(yong)起來相對不方便。如(ru)果您的汽車(che)配(pei)備了16A車(che)載充(chong)電(dian)器(qi)，建議購買(mai)一(yi)個適配(pei)器(qi)，以便于使(shi)用(yong)。

　　2充電樁(zhuang)如何辨別快慢充

　　首先(xian)，電(dian)動車的(de)快(kuai)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)慢充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)接(jie)(jie)口(kou)對應的(de)是DC和(he)交流接(jie)(jie)口(kou)，DC快(kuai)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)和(he)交流慢充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)。一般快(kuai)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)有5個接(jie)(jie)口(kou)，慢充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)有7個接(jie)(jie)口(kou)。另外，從充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)線我們也可以看(kan)到快(kuai)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)和(he)慢充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)，快(kuai)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)的(de)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)線相對更粗。當然，有些電(dian)動汽車由于成本、電(dian)池容量等各種(zhong)(zhong)考(kao)慮，只有一種(zhong)(zhong)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)模(mo)式(shi)，所以只會有一個充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)口(kou)。

　　充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)快，充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)速度快，但(dan)是(shi)建站(zhan)復雜(za)，成本高。快速充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)通常(chang)是(shi)直接給車內電(dian)(dian)池充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)(de)直流電(dian)(dian)(也是(shi)交流電(dian)(dian))。除了來(lai)自電(dian)(dian)網(wang)的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)源外，快速充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)樁(zhuang)還應配(pei)備快速充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)器。更適合用戶(hu)中途補充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)量(liang)，但(dan)并不是(shi)每個家庭(ting)都有條件安裝快充(chong)(chong)(chong)，所(suo)以(yi)為了方便(bian)，車內配(pei)備了慢(man)充(chong)(chong)(chong)功(gong)能，并且出于成本考慮，為了提(ti)高覆蓋(gai)率，還有大量(liang)的(de)(de)(de)慢(man)充(chong)(chong)(chong)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)樁(zhuang)。

　　慢充是利用(yong)車輛自帶(dai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)充電(dian)(dian)系統進行的(de)(de)(de)(de)慢充。慢充對電(dian)(dian)池(chi)有(you)好處，電(dian)(dian)量充足(zu)。而(er)且充電(dian)(dian)站(zhan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)建設(she)比(bi)較簡單，只需要充足(zu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)源。不需要額外的(de)(de)(de)(de)大(da)電(dian)(dian)流充電(dian)(dian)設(she)備，門(men)檻(jian)低。在家里使用(yong)很方便，有(you)電(dian)(dian)源的(de)(de)(de)(de)地方都可(ke)以充電(dian)(dian)。

　　慢(man)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)大(da)概(gai)需要8-10個小時給電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)滿電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，快(kuai)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流比較大(da)，達到150-300 Amps，半小時左右就能充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)滿80%。更適(shi)合中途供電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。當然，大(da)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)會(hui)對電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)壽命有一點影響。為了提(ti)高充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)速(su)(su)度，快(kuai)速(su)(su)灌注樁(zhuang)越來越多(duo)!后(hou)期建設的充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)站多(duo)為快(kuai)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)，部(bu)分地區的慢(man)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)樁(zhuang)不再更新(xin)維護，損壞后(hou)直接充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。